Many species of Garcinia have fruit with edible arils, but most are eaten locally; some species' fruits are highly esteemed in one region, but unknown just a few hundred kilometres away. The best-known species is the purple mangosteen (G. mangostana), which is now cultivated throughout Southeast Asia and other tropical countries, having become established in the late 20th century. Less well-known, but still of international importance, are kandis (G. forbesii) with small round red fruits with subacid taste and melting flesh, the lemon drop mangosteen (G. intermedia) with yellow fruit that look like a wrinkled lemon, and the thin-skinned orange button mangosteen (G. prainiana). In addition, mangosteen rind (exocarp) extract is used as a spice. It figures prominently in Kodava culture, and G. multiflora is used to flavour and colour the famous b��n ri��u soup of Vietnam, where this plant is known as h���t ��i���u m��u. Gambooge (G. gummi-gutta) yields a spice widely used in South Asia, in particular in Kerala, where it is called kodumpulli. Most species in Garcinia are known for their gum resin, brownish-yellow from xanthonoids such as mangostin, and used as purgative or cathartic, but most frequently ��� at least in former times ��� as a pigment. The colour term "gamboge" references the gambooge, whose obsolete scientific name is G. cambogia. Hydroxycitric acid, a toxic appetite suppressant found in mangosteen rind Extracts of the exocarp of certain species ��� typically gambooge, but also purple mangosteen ��� are often contained in appetite suppressants such as Hydroxycut, Leptoprin or XanGo. But their effectiveness at normal consumption levels is unproven, while at least one case of severe acidosis caused by long-term consumption of such products has been documented.[3] Furthermore, they may contain significant amounts of hydroxycitric acid, which is somewhat toxic and might even destroy the testicles after prolonged use.[4] Fruit extracts from bitter kola (G. kola) have been claimed to be effective at stopping Ebola virus replication in laboratory tests[citation needed]; its seeds are used in folk medicine. G. mannii is popular as a chew stick in western Africa,[5] freshening the breath and cleaning the teeth.
Editor's note: Watch former White House Press Secretary Dana Perino's interview with former President George W. Bush Thursday on "The Five" at 5 pm ET.The George W. Bush Library and Museum opens this week in Dallas and many already have written about our 43rd president and his legacy. As commentators and historians hash over the big decisions, successes and mistakes over those eight years, heres my personal take on what President Bush means to me.On election night 2000, I had never met then-Governor Bush, though Id supported him for years. I believed he would be a strong, optimistic and gracious president with solid conservative principles and a big heart.When I got a call to volunteer on the campaign in early 2000, I had to turn it down due to a new job and a new life we were trying to start in San Diego. When I hung up the phone, I cried, Now Ill never get to work for George Bush. Then the 9/11 attacks changed everything for everyone. I moved back to D.C. and worked for the Bush administration from the fall of 2001 until the last day on January 20, 2009. Over those years, President Bush became a friend and a leader who made me strive to be a better person and citizen.Here are some of my favorite memories: One night when I first took the deputy press secretary job, I went with him on Marine One to an event in rural Virginia for the Boy Scouts Jamboree. Weather had kept us from going for two days, but on the third night, we made it
BISSAU, Guinea-Bissau A military tribunal in Guinea-Bissau has convicted an army captain of leading a failed coup last year.Pansau Ntchama was sentenced on Thursday to serve five years in prison after being found guilty of treason and using illegal weapons.Ntchama was the ex-bodyguard of Guinea-Bissau's former army chief of staff.Authorities say he led gunmen who attacked a military base near the airport in Bissau in October 2012. The army fought back and the coup failed.Troubled Guinea-Bissau has had so many coups and countercoups that no elected leader has been able to complete his term in the nearly four decades since the country won its independence from Portugal.The most recent coup occurred in April 2012, just weeks before the presidential runoff election.
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